European Urology Focus; doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.02.009.
E2F1 Signalling is Predictive of Chemoresistance and Lymphogenic Metastasis in Penile Cancer: A Pilot Functional Study Reveals New Prognostic Biomarkers.
Fenner F, Goody D, Protzel C, Erbersdobler A, Richter C, Hartz JM, Naumann CM, Kalthoff H, Herchenröder O, Hakenberg OW, Pützer BM.
Background: For penile cancer (PC) there are no known molecular predictors of lymphatic spread and/or chemoresistance.
Objective: To identify functional biomarkers that can predict malignant progression and treatment responsiveness.
Design, setting, and participants: We used four patient-derived PC cell lines and measured invasion and capillary tube formation, chemoresponsiveness, and mRNA and protein expression. Data were further validated in E2F1 transcription factor knock- down and overexpression experiments. We quantified E2F1 transcript levels in a set of nonmetastatic tumours (NM), metastasised primary tumours (PT), and lymph node metastases (M) from 24 patients. E2F1 immunohistochemistry was performed in another set of 13 PC biopsies.
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Relationships between different parameters were analysed using Student t tests. Transcript levels in patient samples were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results and limitations: In cell lines established from lymph node metastases, E2F1was more abundantly expressed, pRB was inactivated, and CDK2, CDK4, and cyclins D and E were elevated in comparison to cells from primary PC. Overexpression of E2F1 enhanced migratory capacity and lymphatic endothelial tubule formation, while depletion reduced invasiveness and increased chemosensitivity. VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C and mesenchymal markers were upregulated by high E2F1. E2F1 was clearly upregulated in infiltrative and metastatic primary tumours and metastases (NM vs PT, p < 0.05; NM vs M, p < 0.0005). E2F1 Quick scores increased from grade I to grade III tumours. A limitation of the study is the small number of patients.
Objective: To identify functional biomarkers that can predict malignant progression and treatment responsiveness.
Design, setting, and participants: We used four patient-derived PC cell lines and measured invasion and capillary tube formation, chemoresponsiveness, and mRNA and protein expression. Data were further validated in E2F1 transcription factor knock- down and overexpression experiments. We quantified E2F1 transcript levels in a set of nonmetastatic tumours (NM), metastasised primary tumours (PT), and lymph node metastases (M) from 24 patients. E2F1 immunohistochemistry was performed in another set of 13 PC biopsies.
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Relationships between different parameters were analysed using Student t tests. Transcript levels in patient samples were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results and limitations: In cell lines established from lymph node metastases, E2F1was more abundantly expressed, pRB was inactivated, and CDK2, CDK4, and cyclins D and E were elevated in comparison to cells from primary PC. Overexpression of E2F1 enhanced migratory capacity and lymphatic endothelial tubule formation, while depletion reduced invasiveness and increased chemosensitivity. VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C and mesenchymal markers were upregulated by high E2F1. E2F1 was clearly upregulated in infiltrative and metastatic primary tumours and metastases (NM vs PT, p < 0.05; NM vs M, p < 0.0005). E2F1 Quick scores increased from grade I to grade III tumours. A limitation of the study is the small number of patients.
Kontakt
Institut für Experimentelle Gentherapie und Tumorforschung
Core-Facility Virale Vektor & Genom-Editing Technologien
Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum
Schillingallee 69
D-18057 Rostock
Sekretariat
Ingrid Winkler
(+49) 381 494-5066(+49) 381 494-5062
ingrid.winkler@med.uni-rostock.de
Department Leben, Licht & Materie
Forschungsbau LL&M
Albert-Einstein-Str. 25
D-18059 Rostock
Forschungsbau LL&M
Albert-Einstein-Str. 25
D-18059 Rostock
